Patented drug tariffs: India more or less shielded, says GTRI

India is unlikely to be significantly impacted by U.S. President Donald Trump’s announcement of 100% tariffs on certain patented drugs, as the country primarily exports low-cost generic medicines to America, think tank GTRI said on Friday (April 3, 2026).

Mr. Trump signed an executive order on April 2, announcing the imposition of a 100% ad valorem duty on the import of certain patented pharmaceuticals and associated pharmaceutical ingredients.

The order builds on a Section 232 investigation launched on May 1, 2025, which cited national security risks from dependence on foreign drug supplies.

The Global Trade Research Initiative (GTRI) said the move has left “India largely protected, given its dominance in low-cost generic drug exports to the U.S.” In 2025, India exported $9.7 billion pharmaceuticals to the U.S.

Generic medicines make up over 90% of U.S. drug use and are exempt for now, likely for about a year, to avoid shortages and price increases, it added.

In 2025, India exported $9.7 billion worth of pharmaceuticals to the U.S., accounting for 38% of its global pharma exports of $25.8 billion.

“However, Indian firms producing branded or speciality drugs, or supplying inputs for patented medicines, could face tariff pressure. The larger concern is future uncertainty if tariffs are extended to generics,” GTRI founder Ajay Srivastava said.

The order timing, issued on the first anniversary of the earlier “Liberation Day” tariff push, signals a continuation of Washington’s aggressive trade strategy, he added.

On April 2 last year, the U.S. announced sweeping tariffs on about 60 countries, including India.

The 100% tariffs will mainly affect Ireland, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Denmark, the United Kingdom and Japan, which are major exporters of patented and high-value drugs, including biologics, to the U.S., he said, adding that the order does not exempt countries with trade arrangements with the U.S., including the European Union and Japan.